Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection, launched in 1968, is the official bi-monthly publication of the Taiwan Society of Microbiology, the Chinese Society of Immunology, the Infectious Diseases Society of Taiwanand the Taiwan Society of Parasitology. The journal is an open access journal, committed to disseminating information on the latest trends and advances in microbiology, immunology, infectious diseases and parasitology. Articles on clinical or laboratory investigations of relevance to microbiology, infectious diseases, parasitology, and novel findings in all areas of immunology, encompassing both basic, clinical research and other related fields that are of interest to the medical profession are eligible for consideration. Article types considered include perspectives, review articles, original articles, brief reports and correspondence. The Editorial Board of the Journal comprises a dedicated team of local and international experts in the field of microbiology, immunology, infectious diseases and parasitology. All members of the Editorial Board actively guide and set the direction of the journal. With the aim of promoting effective and accurate scientific information, an expert panel of referees constitutes the backbone of the peer-review process in evaluating the quality and content of manuscripts submitted for publication. JMII is open access and indexed in SCIE, PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, AIDS & Cancer Reseach, CABI, BIOSIS Previews, Biological Abstracts, EBSCOhost, CancerLit, Reactions Weekly (online), Chemical Abstracts, HealthSTAR, Global Health, ProQuest.

Review Article

1. Salmonella infective endocarditis
Wan-Ling Cheng, Chia-Wen Li, Ming-Chi Li, Nan-Yao Lee, ... Wen-Chien Ko

2. Molecular and epidemiological study of human parechovirus infections in Taiwan, 2007–2012
Yuan-Pin Huang, Juo-Yu Hsieh, Ho-Sheng Wu, Jyh-Yuan Yang

3. Recombinant outer membrane protein A fragments protect against Escherichia coli meningitis
Wen-Shyang Hsieh, Yi-Yuan Yang, Hsin-Yi Yang, Yu-Shan Huang, Hsueh-Hsia Wu

4. Effect of the HBV whole-X gene on the expression of hepatocellular carcinoma associated proteins
Yu Zhang, Hongli Liu, Meiling Cui, Jinfeng Liu, ... Yingren Zhao

5. Interleukin-4 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor mediates the upregulation of soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 in RAW264.7 cells—a process in which p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling has an important role
Lin Xia, Zhaogang Dong, Yun Zhang, Xiaoying Zhang, ... Fengcai Wei

6. Immune response against M protein-conserved region peptides from prevalent group A Streptococcus in a North Indian population
Varun K. Gupta, Sasank Sekhar, Vanita Dhanda, Devinder Toor, ... Anuradha Chakraborti

7. Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis in female outpatients, 2009–2013
Qing-Yong Wang, Rong-Hai Li, Lu-Qing Zheng, Xiao-Hong Shang

8. Concomitant genotyping revealed diverse spreading between methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus in central Taiwan
Cheng-Mao Ho, Chien-Yu Lin, Mao-Wang Ho, Hsiao-Chuan Lin, ... Jang-Jih Lu

9. Risk factors and clinical outcome of sulbactam nonsusceptibility in monomicrobial Acinetobacter nosocomialis bacteremia
Hsin-Hao Lai, Bo-Huang Liou, Yea-Yuan Chang, Shu-Chen Kuo, ... Chang-Phone Fung

10. Comparisons between patients with trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole-susceptible and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole-resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia monomicrobial bacteremia: A 10-year retrospective study
Ching-Hsun Wang, Jung-Chung Lin, Hsin-An Lin, Feng-Yee Chang, ... Kuo-Ming Yeh

11. Risk factors associated with severe influenza virus infections in hospitalized children during the 2013 to 2014 season
Hsuan-Yin Ma, Jhong-Lin Wu, Chun-Yi Lu, Jong-Min Chen, ... Li-Min Huang

12. RNA polymerase B subunit gene mutations in biofilm-embedded methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus following rifampin treatment
Hung-Jen Tang, Chih-Cheng Lai, Po-Ren Hsueh, Chi-Chung Chen, ... Yin-Ching Chuang

13. Persistent improper upregulation of Th17 and TReg cells in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Shun-An Wu, Kuo-Wei Yeh, Wen-I Lee, Tsung-Chieh Yao, Jing-Long Huang

14. Tacrolimus suppresses atopic dermatitis-associated cytokines and chemokines in monocytes
Kai-Ting Chang, Hugo You-Hsien Lin, Chang-Hung Kuo, Chih-Hsing Hung

15. Time to positivity in blood cultures of adults with nontyphoidal Salmonella bacteremia
Hui-Wen Lin, Hsin-Sui Hsu, Yu-Tsung Huang, Chia-Jui Yang, ... Chun-Hsing Liao

16. Correlation between levofloxacin consumption and the incidence of nosocomial infections due to fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli
Hui-Hsiu Wu, Hsin-Yi Liu, Yi-Chun Lin, Po-Ren Hsueh, Yuarn-Jang Lee

17. Risk factors of late-onset neonatal sepsis in Taiwan: A matched case-control study
Yin-Hsiang Kung, Yi-Fan Hsieh, Yi-Hao Weng, Rey-In Lien, ... Chih-Jung Chen

18. SNP rs4331426 in 18q11.2 is associated with susceptibility to tuberculosis among female Han Taiwanese
Shih-Wei Lee, Chia-Yin Lin, Tzu-Yi Chuang, Hsiu-Han Huang, ... Lawrence Shih-Hsin Wu

19. Second-line anti-tuberculosis drug resistance and its genetic determinants in multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates
Zofia Bakuła, Agnieszka Napiórkowska, Michał Kamiński, Ewa Augustynowicz-Kopeć, ... Tomasz Jagielski

20. Isolation and quantitation of Clostridium difficile in aqueous and fecal matter using two types of selective media
Seth T. Housman, Mary Anne Banevicius, Lucinda M. Lamb, David P. Nicolau

Case Reports

>> Bacillus cereus septicemia in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A case report and review of the literature
Ya-Ling Chou, Shin-Nan Cheng, Kao-Hsian Hsieh, Chih-Chien Wang, ... Wen-Tsung Lo

>> Leclercia adecarboxylata bacteremia in a patient with long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Shio-Shin Jean, Wen-Sen Lee, Kuan-Jen Bai, Carlos Lam, ... Po-Ren Hsueh

>> Isolated tuberculous liver abscess in an immunocompetent adult patient: A case report and literature review
Tsung-Chia Chen, Ling-Tai Chou, Chen-Cheng Huang, An-Bang Lai, Jen-Hsien Wang

>> Anti-IgE therapy for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
Tetsuya Homma, Masatsugu Kurokawa, Satoshi Matsukura, Munehiro Yamaguchi, Mitsuru Adachi

Correspondences

1. Microbacterium spp. as a cause of peritoneal-dialysis-related peritonitis in two patients
Erlangga Yusuf, Ingrid Wybo, Karlien François, Lissa Pipeleers, ... Denis Piérard

2. Cryptococcal meningitis complicated with a large abdominal cyst mimicking acute pancreatitis
Chih-Hsun Lee, Kuo-Hsing Liao, Hsin-Ying Lin, Tai-Ngar Lui, ... Wen-Sen Lee

3. A cluster of Streptococcus suis meningitis in a family who traveled to Taiwan from Southern Vietnam
Fu-Lun Chen, Po-Ren Hsueh, Tsong-Yih Ou, Tai-Chin Hsieh, Wen-Sen Lee